What not to say in a Residency Personal Statement

Staying away from significant missteps in your residency individual explanation implies something other than ensuring that your announcement is liberated from normal blunders in punctuation and utilization. It additionally implies having the correct substance. Finding support from residency individual explanation administrations can get you concentrated on the parts of your encounters that are generally influential to residency selectors. Besides, residency individual articulation administrations are accessible to give your article the clean and stream that will keep selectors perusing your announcement from start to finish.Here are some regular things that ought not be remembered for your residency individual statement:1. Things that occurred before you Started CollegeResidency selectors are truly just intrigued by what you have been doing since you started school. Numerous residency individual explanations start with a tale from youth or secondary school. This will cause your resid ency individual proclamation to appear to be a drug school individual explanation and likely reason the peruser to lose interest.2. Spending valuable space in the article examining why you didn't pick other specialtiesWith numerous strengths to browse, it is superfluous to clarify why different fortes didn't interest you. This, joined with the generally short length of residency individual explanations, implies that your most solid option is to completely and plainly express why you have picked the residency program to which you are applying.3. Expressing that you picked your claim to fame before you started your rotationsIn this present reality, there are clinical understudies who realized what they need to have some expertise in some time before clinical school. Maybe this was because of a huge encounter or even an early calling to work with a specific patient populace. Notwithstanding, the motivation behind pivots is to figure out the everyday work inside every specific field of medication. Therefore, in the event that you had a smart thought of what you needed to represent considerable authority in before your pivots, stress how the revolution affirmed your longing to pick your specialty.Residency Personal Statement Services Can Help You Express Your Motives and Ideas PersuasivelyUnder no conditions at all should you express that you have picked your forte for way of life or monetary reasons. Everyone needs to carry on with a decent life, and †for better or for more awful †our accounts are a piece of the open doors accessible to us on the planet. Nonetheless, your residency individual explanation needs to mirror a longing to accomplish crafted by the claim to fame you have picked and to help the patients who are needing your ability in this field. Residency individual explanation administrations can assist you with refining your article to viably pass on this to selectors.

Odysseus Essay Summary Example For Students

Odysseus Essay Summary In Homers Odyssey, he utilizes the tales of Calypso and Circe to give a peruser a brief look at Greek qualities. Odysseus is a flawlessly good man by Greek measures. In the Calypso scene, Odysseus exhibits the estimation of reliability, and in the Circe scene, he delineates Greek qualities by and large. While the two goddesses look for Odysseus to be their better half, Odysseus reacts as an ideal Greek saint. During the Calypso scene, Homer instructors that one must stay devoted in their souls. The Circe scene shows the steadfastness between an authority and his soldiers, internment rights, friendliness, and the connection among host and visitor. The Calypso scene clarifies how a man must be devoted to his better half in his heart. The Calypso scene opens with a portrayal of how lovely her island of knolls and blossoms is and how even a deathless god who happened upon that spot would look in wonder, heart hypnotized with joy (154). The story continues to depict the goddess as having a stunning voice (154) and being glistening (155). However, when the story depicts Odysseus, he is tweaking his heart with wails and moans and anguish (156). Despite the fact that, Odysseus lives on an excellent island with a goddess who deals with him, he despite everything wishes to be at home. Odysseus perceives that reality that the island is excellent, yet he despite everything aches to be at home. Also, Odysseus stays dedicated to Penelope, not by cutting edge guidelines, however he picks Penelope over the goddess. At the point when Calypso addresses Odysseus, he perceives that reality that Calypso is increasingly wonderful. Odysseus even notices that Penelope misses the mark (159) of Calypso, however yet, Odysseuss heart is with Penelope. Next, Odysseus must form a pontoon himself. However, he discovers this work negligible since he is allowed to get back. He even understands that he may become wrecked or kick the bucket on the journey, yet he is happy to face these challenge s to get back. The last temping offer to make Odysseus get some distance from his home and his significant other is when Calypso offers him everlasting status to remain with her. Once more, Odysseus picks his property and his significant other. In present day times, laying down with a goddess would be viewed as unfaithful, however Greek qualities permit this if and just if the man despite everything wishes to get back and come back to his significant other. In this way, probably the most elevated an incentive for a Greek was to be dedicated to their home and their spouses in their souls. The narratives including Circe depict a few qualities. The accounts portray friendliness, the dependability between an authority and his soldiers, the connection among host and visitor, and internment rights. At the point when the story starts with an examination on how visitors should be dealt with. Circe is a sorcerer who invites some of Odysseuss troops into her home for food and drink. At that point, she made a mixture that would clear their recollections so when she hit them with her enchantment wand, they transformed into pigs. Zeus or Hermes more likely than not saw this scene since Hermes came to Odysseus with a strong medication (239) that would neutralize Circes elixir. Since Zeus is the lord of cordiality, Circe was off base by hurting her visitors as she did. In this way, Odysseus went to Circe with the medication, and when she endeavored to do something very similar, Odysseus had the option to triumph over fraud. In this manner, another significant Greek worth is to be thoughtful to outsiders, treat them as visitors, and follow the friendliness behavior. The following occasion exhibits that the leader must be faithful to his soldiers. Circe offers Odysseus heavenly food with canapés galore as well, shower with her abundance (242), yet her rejects the food saying that any man in his correct brain (242) couldn't acknowledge food before hed liberated his confidants in-arms and looked at them without flinching (242). In this way, Greek warriors must be faithful to one another. This is additionally exhibited when Circe sends for Odysseuss boat to come nearer to shore. Eurylochus dithers and is mutinous against Odysseuss request to achieve the boat. Odysseus, however, still stays faithful to him. Despite the fact that he had a large portion of a psyche to draw the sharp blade from alongside my hip and cut his head off.But confidants check me, each man attempting to quiet me (244). This occasion offers another significant worth: the troopers must be faithful to their officer and regard each request. In this way, Homer exhibits how troops and administrators should be incredibly faithful to one another. While the soldiers and Odysseus are at Circes royal reside nce, they each regard each other as master and visitor. Circe attempts to make them agreeable and blissful as she says, no more tears presently, quiet these tides of distress (244). She has Odysseus and his soldiers for a year. Odysseus charitably acknowledges Circes benevolence and regards her. At the point when Odysseus solicitations to leave, Circe awards him his longing, and she even encourages him. Here, Homer exhibits that it is important to give the host cautioning when wanting to leave and even approach the host for leaving rights. Circe instructs him to visit Tiresias in the Kingdom of the Dead for counsel on the best way to return home securely. At that point, on their last withdrawing from Aeaea, Circe gives them food and drink to take on their journey just as a quick wind. She gives them a few presents true to form by a leader when her visitor leaves. Subsequently, while have must be generous and providing for visitors, the visitors are relied upon to be conscious of the ir host. .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .postImageUrl , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:hover , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:visited , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:active { border:0!important; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:active , .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3 52b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u352b35978e88ca7c9fa2e94bd50daa5e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Zinc EssayFinally, Homer advises how the dead are to be given their privileges. Before leaving Aeaea once more, the soldiers must grieve the Elpenor, give him a burial service, and cover his body. The way that Odysseus and his soldiers restored right back to Aeaea shows that the internment right of the dead is critical. In this way, the Greeks held the privilege of administrations and entombment to be a critical worth. Homer depicts Odysseus as an about ideal man with almost immaculate Greek qualities. Henceforth, the peruser can get a brief look at Greek qualities by utilizing Odysseuss choices and activity as a ru le. The Calypso story demonstrates that Greek qualities require a man to be dedicated to his property and to his better half regardless of what the allurement is. The Circe scene shows the dedication between a leader and his soldiers, internment rights, neighborliness, and the connection among host and visitor.

Solomon Asch The Man Behind the Conformity Experiments

Solomon Asch The Man Behind the Conformity Experiments History and Biographies Print Biography of Psychologist Solomon Asch By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 24, 2019 Skopein / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Solomon Asch was a pioneering social psychologist who is perhaps best remembered for his research on the psychology of conformity. Asch took a Gestalt approach to the study of social behavior, suggesting that social acts needed to be viewed in terms of their setting. His famous conformity experiment demonstrated that people would change their response due to social pressure in order to conform to the rest of the group. The human mind is an organ for the discovery of truths rather than of falsehoods. â€"Solomon Asch Birth and Death Solomon Eliot Asch was born September 14, 1907, in Warsaw, Poland.He died February 20, 1996, in Haverford, Pennsylvania at the age of 88. Early Life Solomon Asch was born in Warsaw  but emigrated to the United States in 1920 at the age of 13. His family lived in the Lower East Side of Manhattan and he learned English by reading the works of Charles Dickens. Asch attended the College of the City of New York and graduated with his bachelors degree in 1928. He then went to Columbia University, where he was mentored by Max Wertheimer and earned his masters degree in 1930 and his Ph.D. in 1932. Career and Pioneering Research During the early years of World War II when Hitler was at the height of power, Solomon Asch began studying the impact of propaganda and indoctrination while he was a professor at Brooklyn Colleges psychology department. He also served as a professor for 19 years at Swarthmore College, where he worked with renowned Gestalt psychologist Wolfgang Köhler. It was during the 1950s, Asch became famous for his series of experiments (known as the Asch conformity experiments) that demonstrated the effects of social pressure on conformity. Just how far would people go to conform to others in a group? Aschs research demonstrated that participants were surprisingly likely to conform to a group, even when they personally believed that the group was incorrect. From 1966 to 1972, Asch held the title of director and distinguished professor of psychology at the Institute for Cognitive Studies at Rutgers University. Contributions to Psychology Solomon Asch is considered a pioneer of social psychology and Gestalt psychology. His conformity experiments demonstrated the power of social influence and still serve as a source of inspiration for social psychology researchers today. Understanding why people conform and under what circumstances they will go against their own convictions to fit in with the crowd not only helps psychologists understand when conformity is likely to occur but also what can be done to prevent it. Asch also supervised Stanley Milgrams Ph.D. at Harvard University and inspired Milgrams own highly influential research on obedience. Milgrams work helped demonstrate how far people would go to obey an order from an authority figure. While Aschs work illustrated how peer pressure influences social behavior (often in negative ways), Asch still believed that people tended to behave decently towards each other. The power of situations and group pressure, however, could often lead to less than ideal behavior and decision-making. In a 2002 review of some of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, Asch was ranked as the 41st most-frequently cited psychologist. Selected Publications Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgment. In H. Guetzkow (ed.) Groups, leadership, and men. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press.Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31-35.Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70 (Whole no. 416).Asch, SE (1987)Social psychology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198521723

The Search For One s True Self - 985 Words

In the search for one’s true self, each person reacts differently. Each woman encountered, Antigone, Miss Emily, Mrs. Mallard, and Nora attempt to discover their true self despite the roles in which both the men in their lives, as well as society has determined for them. Rather than allowing either men or society to determine who they were as women, each woman acted in their own ways and decided that they did not want to conform to the person in which someone else had determined for them. In Antigone, Antigone strived to discover her true self by staying true to her beliefs and doing what she knew to be right. During this time, women played an extremely diminutive role in Greek society. After the death of Antigone’s brother, King Creon forbade anyone to burry his body. However, Antigone would not accept this forbiddance set by Creon. Rather than acting in accordance to the people’s expectations of her reaction, Antigone refused to abide by Creon’s declarat ion.†Even if I die in the act, the death will be a glory. I’ll lie with the one I love and loved by him— an outrage sacred to the gods† (Sophocles 1468). Antigone believed that if she didn’t bury Polynices, she would not be able to respect herself and her integrity for the rest of her life. She also believed that without a proper burial, Polynices’ soul would not cross over into the afterlife. Although Antigone knew the consequences she was going to face, she decided to pay her brother the honorable respect which heShow MoreRelatedReflection On Mans Search For Meaning1367 Words   |  6 PagesA Reflection of Viktor Frankl’s Man s Search for Meaning. In this paper I will be analysing/ reflecting on Viktor Frankl’s Man s Search for Meaning. 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Through Carter’s tone, exploration of power dynamics, and use of imagery, the story follows the progression of the love and self-acceptance that influences Beauty’s metamorphosis. Within the story, Carter’s use of tone highlights the emotions the characters feel as they begin to explore their love for each other, exposing their true identities . When Beauty takes noticeRead MoreThe Book Soul Friend By Kenneth Leech Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe historical overview of Leech. In the chapter on â€Å"spirituality and the present climate†, Leech through observing the ‘Spiritual Quest of Youth’ concludes that the modernists and the post-war decades fell into a spiritual search in the 1960s. However, the spiritual search almost rejected Christianity as a possibility. It was frequently argued at that time that â€Å"the future of humanity was ‘non-religious’ that society was secularized.† (p.2) Leech comments that alongside this rejection of traditional

How to Choose Argumentive Essay Topics You Can Win on Education

How to Choose Argumentive Essay Topics You Can Win on Education The Fundamentals of Argumentive Essay Topics You Can Win on Education That You Will be Able to Learn From Starting Immediately The web has made our life a good deal simpler. You can be certain your point of view is right until you satisfy an individual that thinks that you're completely erroneous. The topic chosen for the purpose should be attractive in the view of many readers. If you're being given freedom to choose your own topics, it may be less painful to pick a topic already near your heart. It is impossible to set limits on the wages, but they might be far more performance oriented than ever before. The shortage of fantastic support sources will end in a decrease grade. Even though both work to the improvement of a business, the broad disparity has the capacity to induce a good deal of grudge and bad vibes. The education process is fluid. Therefore, the ideas ought to be selected carefully. Deciding o n your topic isn't that easy. Deciding on an emotional topic is also a great idea. Therefore, select a topic that you're interested in or passionate about. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure you do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. In circumstances when you get to select the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. Bear in mind that you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Man isn't a thing but a creature that could only be understood in the lengthy procedure of development. Now you know how to produce the argumentative essay outline correctly, you're prepared to get started working on your assignment. If you consider the examples of argumentative essays written by other students, you will observe that the introduction doesn't comply with a strict pattern. When you have completed your essay, take care to go through the full document and make sure you have all of your grammar and spelling in check. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. New Step by Step Roadmap for Argumentive Essay Topics You Can Win on Education Writing a winning argument essay may appear tough, but knowing more than only the basics can make all of the difference. Adhere to the point, and you will have a strong conclusion that only increases the total level of your essay. After you create the essay outline, you're going to get the notion of claims you're likely to make, then begin researching to come across enough evidence to support them. In most instances, your professor or client gives a particular topic that you've to talk about throughout the paper. What's Really Happening with Argumentive Ess ay Topics You Can Win on Education It is simpler to concentrate on a particular component of the topic as a way to make coherent arguments, such as should minors have a say in regards to having an abortion. To begin with, parents aren't financially stabled. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. Index cards or notes can be useful. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points.

Landscape Procurement Plan Free Essays

string(38) " that will be offered with each task\." Landscape Project Procurement Plan 1. Overview: Following a major renovation and addition to the house, a redesign of the front yard is required. This redesign will encompass the front yard that is approximately 65 ft wide by 70 ft deep. We will write a custom essay sample on Landscape Procurement Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The area is bounded on the south side by the house and a wooden fence, on the west side by a continuation of the wooden fence for approximately 40 feet. The north side is to the property line, and the east side is bound by the driveway. There is a sidewalk that comes away from the house to about 25 feet and turns to the driveway. The area enclosed by the driveway and sidewalk is approximately 350 ft2. The major components of this redesign consist of grading and removing excess soil remaining from remodel, install electric wiring for exterior lighting, install hardscape, landscape design and installation of the plants and trees. What is not included in the scope of this project is the seeding of the lawn area, lawn maintenance, removal of existing plants and painting/staining of existing fence. 2. Make or Buy Analysis: While my husband and I have the ability to perform the majority of the tasks associated with the landscape redesign, the constraints of time and manpower limit the amount of work that we will perform. Below is the Make or Buy Analysis. Task| Make/Buy| Reason| Excavate/Grade yard| Buy| Limited experience on a Bobcat. More cost effective to hire the work out. Landscape companies routinely perform this type of work| Install electric wiring| Make| Husband is an electrician and is qualified to perform the work| Landscape design| Buy| Not skilled in landscape design| Installation of plants| Make buy| This task will be a combination. The larger trees and plants will be installed by the nursery. We will install the smaller plants. Install hardscape| Make| These items will be purchased and installed following the plants as time and budget allow. | 3. Procurement needs: a. Excavation/grading b. Electrical materials c. Landscape design d. Installation of plants e. Installation of hardscape 4. Statement of work: Task| Statement of Work| Excavation /grading| Soil remains from the excavation of the foundation and new basement sections of the addition. The majority of the soil will be removed t o another location on the property to fill in low spots. This soil will be spread in a manner that will result in a reasonably level location relative to the surrounding area. Following removal of the excess soil, the front yard will be re-contoured according to the specifications outlined in the landscape design. | Electrical| The electric will consist of exterior grade wiring/conduit running from the main electric panel located in the northeast corner of the basement. The exterior lighting will be on its own circuit with dedicated breakers. The conduit will be placed below grade and extend beyond the sidewalk, to the edge of the driveway. An exterior rated junction box will be installed with additional connections to allow expansion of the exterior lighting as needed in the future. An exterior light pole and fixture will be installed that includes, at a minimum, one exterior outlet. Additional conduit will be placed below grade to the northwest corner of the house. An LB will be installed to bring the electric wiring aboveground to provide power to two exterior outlets for general use. | Landscape design| Evaluation of soil type and condition, elevation and directionality of front yard to be completed. Based on this evaluation, any modification or supplementation of the soil will be performed as needed. A selection of trees, shrubs, and perennial plants will be chosen, collectively identified as â€Å"plants† throughout the remainder of the plan. The design of the landscape shall include the overview diagram, the planting schematic and all care instructions for selected plants. A minimum of three alternate plants will be provided in addition to the plant identified in the design. The majority of the plants should be considered native to the Midwest. Trees and tall shrubs must be located away from overhead power and phone lines. The design must include what is collectively known as 3 season plants, which have blooms, seed heads, etc. visible during spring, summer and fall. All ornamental grasses must be less than 4 foot tall. A minimum of 2 flowering trees must be included in the design. One large tree, defined as 10 – 12 foot tall, with trunk diameter of at least 6 inches, must be included as well. The design will include evergreen as well as deciduous plants and shrubs. The overall design should be identified as low maintenance, consisting of sufficient plantings to minimize weeds, identification of various covers, such as hardwood mulch and decorative rock/gravel. Installation of plants| The plants will be installed according to the agreed upon design and plant selection. If, for any reason, a plant is not available, a substitute will be chosen and installed in its place. Plants will be installed with appropriate care to minimize any shock or trauma sustained by the plants. Following installation, return visits to evaluate the health of the plants will occur at agreed upon intervals as appropriate. Should any plant not be thriving, or performing as expected, the plant may be replaced with a substitute identified in the design plan. Installation of hardscape| Hardscape is generally defined as permanent fixtures, such as statuary, fountains, etc. in a garden or landscape setting. All locations will be prepared according to the design and the hardscape features identified in the landscape design will be purchased OTS or built as time and budget allow. | 5. Procurement Documentation: The documentation required to obtain services for each activity is listed below. Task| Documentation Type| Appendix| Excavation/grading| Request for Quote| A| Electrical materials| Request for Quote| B| Landscape design| Request for Proposal| C| Installation of plants| Request for Proposal| D| Installation of hardscape| Request for Quote| E| 6. Contract Types: The type of contract that will be offered with each task. You read "Landscape Procurement Plan" in category "Papers" Task| Contract Type| Excavation/grading| Firm Fixed Price| Electrical materials| Purchase Order| Landscape design| Firm Fixed Price| Installation of plants| Time and Material| Installation of hardscape| Purchase Order| 7. Evaluation criteria and selection process f. Available alternatives per activity g. Evaluation criteria h. Recommendation Pre-Qualified Sellers per Activity Task| Supplier| Location| Phone number| Excavation/grading| Waldbart Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Electrical materials| Frost ElectricHome DepotLowes| Collinsville, IlEdwardsville, ILEdwardsville, IL| | Landscape design| Waldbart Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Installation of plants| Waldbart Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Installation of hardscape| Waldbart Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Evaluation Criteria Selection Process Task| Evaluation Criteria| Weight| Excavation/grading| CostQualityReferences| 50%25%25%| Electrical materials| CostService| 50%50%| Landscape design| CostQualityReferences| 40%30%30%| Installation of plants| CostQualityReferences| 40%30%30%| Installation of hardscape| CostQualityReferences| 50%30%20%| Criteria Analysis Excavation/Grading| | | Waldbart Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 75| 37. 5| 88| 44| 92| 46| Quality| 25| 92| 23| 97| 24. 25| 89| 22. 25| References| 25| 97| 24. 25| 95| 23. 75| 83| 20. 75| Total| 100| | 84. 75| | 92| | 89| Electrical Materials| | | Frost Electric| Home Depot| Lowes| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 85| 42. 5| 93| 46. 5| 93| 46. 5| Service| 50| 98| 49| 80| 40| 98| 49| Total| 100| | 91. 5| | 86. 5| | 95. 5| Landscape Design| | | Waldbart Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 40| 86| 34| 91| 36. 4| 88| 35. 2| Quality| 30| 92| 27. 6| 89| 26. 7| 97| 29. 1| References| 30| 96| 28. 8| 89| 26. 7| 98| 29. 4| Total| 100| | 90. 4| | 89. 8| | 93. 7| Installation of Plants| | | Waldbart Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 40| 90| 36| 96| 38. 4| 85| 34| Quality| 30| 93| 27. 9| 90| 27| 92| 27. 6| References| 30| 95| 28. 5| 88| 26. 4| 93| 27. 9| Total| 100| | 92. 4| | 91. 8| | 89. 5| Installation of Hardscape| | | Waldbart Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 75| 37. 5| 80| 40| 85| 42. 5| Quality| 30| 75| 22. 5| 85| 25. 5| 90| 27| References| 20| 88| 17. 6| 70| 14| 92| 18. 4| Total| 100| | 77. 6| | 79. 5| | 87. 9| Final Selection Each of the identified vendors have the ability to perform all required tasks outlined in the statement of work and generally perform these tasks as a single contracted job. The final selection of vendor is based on the highest average weighted score. My husband will perform the electrical work, purchasing materials from the selected vendor below. Task| Company| Excavation/grading| The Garden Kingdom| Electrical materials| Lowe’s| Landscape design| The Garden Kingdom| Installation of plants| The Garden Kingdom| Installation of hardscape| The Garden Kingdom| 8. Schedule Dates: At least 10 days lead time will be given to the initiation of the project to ensure electrical work will be completed. The lead times will also be dependent on weather conditions. If rain postpones work, the schedule will be adjusted accordingly. Task| Lead time| Start Date| End Date| Landscape design| 2 weeks| April 2, 2012| April 13, 2012| Electrical materials| 2 weeks| April 16, 2012| April 20, 2012| Excavation/grading| 2 weeks| April 23, 2012| May 4, 2012| Installation of plants| 2 week| May 14, 2012| May 25, 2012| Installation of hardscape| 3 weeks| May 7, 2012| May 14, 2012| 9. Contract Administration: We will act as general contractors for this project. We will be responsible for all phases of the project. We will also be responsible for having underground utility location performed in advance of any excavation. Since there will be one vendor performing the work, the contract administration is as follows: Activity| Constrains/Assumptions| Payment Schedule| Excavation/grading| * Underground utilities have been located and appropriately marked before work starts * There will be no delays due to weather * Within budget| Deposit plus invoice upon completion| Electrical materials| * There will be no delays due to weather * Availability of materials * Within budget| Invoice at purchase, payable 30 days net| Landscape design| * There will be no delays due to weather * Availability of selected plants * Within budget| Deposit plus invoice upon completion| Installation of plants| * There will be no delays due to weather * Within budget| Deposit plus invoice upon completion| Installation of hardscape| * There will be no delays due to weather * Within budget| Invoice upon completion| 10. Procurement Metrics: The success of each activity will be evaluated by the below criteria: Activity| Metric| Specific Metric| Excavation/grading| * Cost * Speed * Satisfaction| Actual vs planned costWork completed on scheduleIssues resolved satisfactorily | Electrical materials| * Cost * Speed| Actual vs planned costWork completed on schedule| Landscape design| * Cost * Aesthetic design * Satisfaction| Actual vs planned costDesign meets criteria in SOWI’m happy with the design| Installation of plants| * Cost * Speed * Quality| Actual vs planned costWork completed on scheduleMinimal plant death/replacement| Installation of hardscape| * Cost * Speed * Quality| Actual vs planned costWork completed on scheduleIssues resolved satisfactorily| Appendix A: Request for Quote: Excavation/Grading Request for Quote Landscape Installation May 2012 Specifications: * Must be bonded and insured * The front yard area needs to be graded and leveled in preparation of landscaping * Grading will consist of leveling and smoothing according to landscape design plan * Features such as berms, dry creek beds will be created as defined in the landscape plan * Excess soil will be moved to another location on the property as fill and leveled * Underground utilities will be located and marked prior to work starting * Provide a minimum of 3 references Please respond no later than March 30, 2012 Contract will be awarded on April 13, 2012 Appendix B: Request for Quote: Electric Request for Quote Landscape Installation May 2012 Specification: * Must be bonded and insured * The electric will consist of exterior grade wiring/conduit running from the main electric panel located in the northeast corner of the basement. * The exterior lighting will be on its own circuit with dedicated breakers. * The conduit will be placed below grade and extend beyond the sidewalk, to the edge of the driveway. * An exterior rated junction box will be installed with additional connections to allow expansion of the exterior lighting as needed in the future. * An exterior light pole and fixture will be installed that includes, at a minimum, one exterior GFCI outlet. Switches for exterior lighting will be installed in the front entryway * Additional conduit will be placed below grade to the northwest corner of the house. An LB will be installed to bring the electric wiring aboveground to provide power to two exterior GFCI outlets for general use. * Provide cost breakdown of materials to be used Pleas e respond no later than March 30, 2012 Contract will be awarded on April 13, 2012 Appendix C: Request for Proposal: Landscape Design Plan Request for Proposal Landscape Design Plan May 2012 Specifications: * Must be bonded and insured * Evaluation of soil type and condition, elevation and directionality of front yard will be completed. * Based on this evaluation, any modification or supplementation of the soil will be performed as needed. A selection of trees, shrubs, and perennial plants will be chosen, collectively identified as â€Å"plants† throughout the remainder of the plan. * The design of the landscape shall include the overview diagram, the planting schematic and all care instructions for selected plants. * The design will also include any hardscape items such as fountains, trellis’, etc. * A minimum of three alternate plants will be provided in addition to the plant identified in the design. The majority of the plants should be considered native to the Midwe st. * Trees and tall shrubs must be located away from overhead power and phone lines. * The design must include what is collectively known as 3 season plants, which have blooms, seed heads, etc. visible during spring, summer and fall. All ornamental grasses must be less than 4 foot tall. * A minimum of 2 flowering trees must be included in the design. * One large tree, defined as 10 – 12 foot tall, with trunk diameter of at least 6 inches, must be included as well. * The design will include evergreen as well as deciduous plants and shrubs. * The overall design should be identified as low maintenance, consisting of sufficient plantings to minimize weeds, identification of various covers, such as hardwood mulch and decorative rock/gravel. * The proposal shall have 2 prices; 1. ) Complete design and installation, and 2. ) just the overview diagram, the planting schematic and all care instructions for selected plants Please respond no later than March 30, 2012 Contract will be awarded on April 18, 2012 Appendix D: Request for Proposal: Landscape Installation Request for proposal Landscape Installation May 2012 Specification: * Must be bonded and insured * The plants will be installed according to the agreed upon design and plant selection. If, for any reason, a plant is not available, a substitute will be chosen and installed in its place. * Plants will be installed with appropriate care to minimize any shock or trauma sustained by the plants. * Following installation, return visits to evaluate the health of the plants will occur at agreed upon intervals as appropriate. Should any plant not be thriving, or performing as expected, the plant may be replaced with a substitute identified in the design plan. * Responsible for removal of all waste Please respond no later than March 30, 2012 Contract will be awarded on April 18, 2012 Appendix E: Request for Quote: Installation of Hardscape Request for Q uote Hardscape Installation May 2012 Specifications: * Must be bonded and insured * All locations will be prepared according to the design and the hardscape features identified in the landscape design will be purchased OTS or built as time and budget allow. * Any permanent placements requiring electrical or plumbing connections should be identified and specified before completion of the electrical work found in the SOW. How to cite Landscape Procurement Plan, Papers

Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata Essay Example

Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata Essay Western management philosophy may have created prosperity – for some people for some time at least but it has failed in the aim of ensuring betterment of individual life and social welfare. It has remained by and large a soulless edifice and an oasis of plenty for a few in the midst of poor quality of life for many. It does not give a sense of fulfillment what an individual desires at the end. (Aids Foundation of Bill Gates may be an example. ) Mahabharat depicts a path of Dharma as the sole objective, be it individual or corporate, since the same ensures maximization of happiness of all groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An unholy desire to achieve results by any means often becomes counterproductive in the long run for the corporation and the country as a whole. Hence, there is an urgent need to re-examine prevailing management disciplines their objectives, scope and content. Management should be redefined to underline the development of the worker as a person, as a human being, and not as a mere wage-earner. With this changed perspective, management can become an instrument in the process of social and indeed national development. Gita however talks about Nishkam karma which helps one to achieve results more effectively in the long run by pursuing a path of Dharma. The two main pillars of Gita are abhyas (practice) and tapasya (penance). Going by this the corporate sector should continue doing the right thing ceaselessly by adopting the right means with a single-minded objective in mind ( Abhyas) and should not get swayed under any temptations or distraction and bear the hardships in the short run( Tapasya). With these two principles results will automatically come which will bring satisfaction to all groups be it customers, shareholders, vendors, workers, etc. 2. The Management Principles: Now let us re-examine some of the modern management concepts in the light of the  Bhagavad Gita  which is a primer of management-by-values. Mahabharat is not plainly the story of a war or a source of wisdom for philosophers. It exposes the secrets of leadership and the path to success. Mahabharat can be considered equivalent to other management bibles. Whether it is man management, human/organisational behaviour, game theory, management by objectives, all aspects of modern management can be discovered in various characters and episodes of the great epic. Bhishma, an honest manager caught in diametrically opposed clashes, who was forced to take wrong decisions by forces beyond his power. Yudhisthira is a flawless example of managerial acumen. Karna, a manager who fought his way up the ladder but could not keep up with the pressure and tensions and met a tragic end. Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna, a daredevil leader without a business-plan of escape. He fought his way into the chakravyuha, but failed to come out and was brutally cornered and killed by Drona and others. Draupadi is the typical model of a woman powerhouse who kept others motivated till the goal is achieved. And Lord Krishna is the ideal example of a leader-manager who kept his eye on the target till the desired outcome was achieved. i) Honor Thy Competitor The Mahabharata tells us that one should never humiliate his competitors. Competitors should be treated with dignity. The great Kurikshetra War itself could be avoided if the pride of Duryodhan had not been hurt. When Duryodhan came to the palace at Indraprastha of the Pandavas he was mesmerized by its beauty. He mistook the crystalline edifices to be water bodies and vice versa and every time he made such a mistake the Pandavas and Draupadi made no efforts to hide their amusement which hurt Duryodhan’s pride beyond repair which laid the seeds of war in his mind. ii) Business consideration above personal consideration Dhritarashtra was the patriarch of the Kauravas. He was extremely partial towards his eldest son Duryodhan. He was blind not only literally but also figuratively. He was blind to his son’s faults. He took all decisions in Duryodhan’s favour irrespective of whether it was morally right or wrong be it the decision of sending the Pandavas to 14 years in exile or planning to murder the brothers and their mother at Vanavrata. This led to disastrous consequences. A person who is the head of an organization must take his decisions with an eye to the general good overriding personal considerations. His extending favours to his close subordinates must not be at the cost of the corporate health. He must keep his eyes and ears open and be aware of the limitations and shortcomings of his chosen successors or heirs. iii) Adaptability The Pandav brothers were not only great Kshatriyas skilled in weaponry and the art of warfare but also well versed in other humbler skills such as cooking, tending the cows and horses, dancing, etc. It was their versatility and adaptability that enabled them to complete their exile in the forest for 12 years and also the 13th year in disguise in King Virat’s court without any glitches. Had these princes born into the royal household, used to the royal comforts of their princely heritage not been so adaptable and adjusting they would have found it difficult to bear the rigors of a forest life and the humiliating positions of attendants in the royal court. Similarly, a good manager should be conversant with all aspects of the organization he works for from the shopfloor to the boardroom. He should be ready to exchange his suit for the gloves. iv) Making wise choices An important lesson of management science is to choose wisely and utilize scarce resources optimally. During the curtain raiser before the Mahabharata War, Duryodhana chose Sri Krishnas large army for his help while Arjuna selected Sri Krishnas wisdom for his support. This episode gives us a clue as to the nature of the effective manager the former chose numbers, the latter, wisdom. v) Attitudes towards work Three stone-cutters were engaged in erecting a temple. An HRD Consultant asked them what they were doing. The response of the three workers to this innocent-looking question is illuminating. I am a poor man. I have to maintain my family. I am making a living here, said the first stone-cutter with a dejected face. Well, I work because I want to show that I am the best stone-cutter in the country, said the second one with a sense of pride. Oh, I want to build the most beautiful temple in the country, said the third one with a visionary gleam. Their jobs were identical but their perspectives were different. What the  Gita  tells us is to develop the visionary perspective in the work we do. It tells us to develop a sense of larger vision in our work for the common good. vi)Dedication towards work A popular verse of the  Gita  advises â€Å"detachment† from the fruits or results of actions performed in the course of ones duty. Being dedicated work has to mean â€Å"working for the sake of work, generating excellence for its own sake. † If we are always calculating the date of promotion or the rate of commission before putting in our efforts, then such work is not detached. Working only with an eye to the anticipated benefits, means that the quality of performance of the current job or duty suffers It is not â€Å"generating excellence for its own sake† but working only for the extrinsic reward that may (or may not) result. Some people might argue that not seeking the business result of work and actions makes one unaccountable. In fact, the  Bhagavad Gita  is full of advice on the theory of cause and effect, making the doer responsible for the consequences of his deeds. While advising detachment from the avarice of selfish gains in discharging ones accepted duty, the  Gita  does not absolve anybody of the consequences arising from discharge of his or her responsibilities. Thus the best means of effective performance management is the work itself. Attaining this state of mind (called â€Å"nishkama karma†) is the right attitude to work because it prevents the ego, the mind, from dissipation of attention through speculation on future gains or losses. ii)Self- actualization—The Ultimate Goal Today’s management principles say that satisfying lower order needs such as food, shelter and clothing ensures that an employee puts in his maximum effort and it keeps the employee motivated. However, that is not the case. It is a common experience that the dissatisfaction of the clerk and of t he Director is identical only their scales and composition vary. On the contrary, a lowly paid schoolteacher, or a self-employed artisan, may well demonstrate higher levels of self-actualization despite poorer satisfaction of their lower-order needs. This situation is explained by the theory of self-transcendence propounded in the  Gita. Self-transcendence involves renouncing egoism, putting others before oneself, emphasizing team work, dignity, co-operation, harmony and trust – and, indeed potentially sacrificing lower needs for higher goals, the opposite of Maslow. â€Å"Work must be done with detachment. † It is the ego that spoils work and the ego is the centerpiece of most theories of motivation. We need not merely a theory of motivation but a theory of inspiration. viii) Work culture An effective work culture is about vigorous and arduous efforts in pursuit of given or chosen tasks. Sri Krishna elaborates on two types of work culture – â€Å"daivi sampat† or divine work culture which includes fearlessness, purity, self-control and â€Å"asuri sampat† or demonic work culture which includes egoism, delusions, improper performance and work not oriented towards service. Mere work ethic is not enough. The hardened criminal exhibits an excellent work ethic. What is needed is a work ethic conditioned by ethics in work. It is in this light that the counsel, â€Å"yogah karmasu kausalam† should be understood. Kausalam† means skill or technique of work which is an indispensable component of a work ethic. â€Å"Yogah† is defined in the  Gita  itself as â€Å"samatvam yogah uchyate† meaning an unchanging equipoise of mind (detachment. ) Tilak tells us that acting with an equable mind is Yoga. The  Gita  further explains the theory of â€Å"detachment† from the extrinsic rewards of work in saying: If the result of sincere effort is a success, the entire credit should not be appropriated by the doer alone. If the result of sincere effort is a failure, then too the entire blame does not accrue to the doer. The former attitude mollifies arrogance and conceit while the latter prevents excessive despondency, de-motivation and self-pity. Thus both these dispositions safeguard the doer against psychological vulnerability, the cause of the modem managers companions of diabetes, high blood pressure and ulcers. Assimilation of the ideas of the  Gita  leads us to the wider spectrum of â€Å"lokasamgraha† (general welfare) but there is also another dimension to the work ethic if the â€Å"karmayoga† (service) is blended with â€Å"bhaktiyoga† (devotion), then the work itself becomes worship, a â€Å"sevayoga (service for its own sake. (This may sound a peculiarly religious idea but it has a wider application. It could be taken to mean doing something because it is worthwhile, to serve others, to make the world a better place ) ix)Manager must show superior judgement In the book, the  Mahabharata, we come across a king by the name of Yayati who, in order to revel in t he endless enjoyment of flesh exchanged his old age with the youth of his obliging youngest son for a thousand years. However, he found the pursuit of sensual enjoyments ultimately unsatisfying and came back to his son pleading him to take back his youth. This â€Å"yayati syndrome† shows the conflict between externally directed acquisitions (extrinsic motivation) and inner value and conscience (intrinsic motivation. ) In today’s world also a manager must not be swayed by external vagaries. He must have a sound mental health which is the very goal of any human activity more so management. Sound mental health is that state of mind which can maintain a calm, positive poise, or regain it when unsettled, in the midst of all the external vagaries of work life and social existence. Internal constancy and peace are the pre-requisites for a healthy tress-free mind. x) Manager must follow the ‘actions speak louder than words’ policy â€Å"Whatever the excellent and best ones do, the commoners follow,† says Sri Krishna in the  Gita. The visionary leader must be a missionary, extremely practical, intensively dynamic and capable of translating dreams into reality. This dynamism and strength of a true leader flows from an inspired and spontaneous motivation to help others. 3. conclusion Sri Krishnas advice with regard to temporary failures is, â€Å"No doer of good ever ends in misery. Every action should produce results. Good action produces good results and evil begets nothing but evil. Therefore, always act well and be rewarded. All clouds will vanish. Light will fill the heart and mind. I assure him of this. This is the message of Holy  Gita. This discussion doesnot suggest discarding of the Western model of efficiency, dynamism and striving for excellence but to tune these ideals to Indias holistic attitude of â€Å"lokasangraha† for the welfare of many, for the good of many. This is indeed a moral dimension to business life. What we do in business is no different, in this regard, to what we do in our personal lives. The means do not justify the ends. Pursuit of results for their own sake, is ultimately self-defeating. (â€Å"Profit,† said Matsushita-san in another tradition, â€Å"is the reward of correct behaviour. † – ed. ) REFERENCES 1. You Can Win- Shiv Khera 2. managementparadise. com 3. citehr. com XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata Essay Example Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata Essay Western management philosophy may have created prosperity – for some people for some time at least but it has failed in the aim of ensuring betterment of individual life and social welfare. It has remained by and large a soulless edifice and an oasis of plenty for a few in the midst of poor quality of life for many. It does not give a sense of fulfillment what an individual desires at the end. (Aids Foundation of Bill Gates may be an example. ) Mahabharat depicts a path of Dharma as the sole objective, be it individual or corporate, since the same ensures maximization of happiness of all groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management as Prescribed by the Mahabharata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An unholy desire to achieve results by any means often becomes counterproductive in the long run for the corporation and the country as a whole. Hence, there is an urgent need to re-examine prevailing management disciplines their objectives, scope and content. Management should be redefined to underline the development of the worker as a person, as a human being, and not as a mere wage-earner. With this changed perspective, management can become an instrument in the process of social and indeed national development. Gita however talks about Nishkam karma which helps one to achieve results more effectively in the long run by pursuing a path of Dharma. The two main pillars of Gita are abhyas (practice) and tapasya (penance). Going by this the corporate sector should continue doing the right thing ceaselessly by adopting the right means with a single-minded objective in mind ( Abhyas) and should not get swayed under any temptations or distraction and bear the hardships in the short run( Tapasya). With these two principles results will automatically come which will bring satisfaction to all groups be it customers, shareholders, vendors, workers, etc. 2. The Management Principles: Now let us re-examine some of the modern management concepts in the light of the  Bhagavad Gita  which is a primer of management-by-values. Mahabharat is not plainly the story of a war or a source of wisdom for philosophers. It exposes the secrets of leadership and the path to success. Mahabharat can be considered equivalent to other management bibles. Whether it is man management, human/organisational behaviour, game theory, management by objectives, all aspects of modern management can be discovered in various characters and episodes of the great epic. Bhishma, an honest manager caught in diametrically opposed clashes, who was forced to take wrong decisions by forces beyond his power. Yudhisthira is a flawless example of managerial acumen. Karna, a manager who fought his way up the ladder but could not keep up with the pressure and tensions and met a tragic end. Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna, a daredevil leader without a business-plan of escape. He fought his way into the chakravyuha, but failed to come out and was brutally cornered and killed by Drona and others. Draupadi is the typical model of a woman powerhouse who kept others motivated till the goal is achieved. And Lord Krishna is the ideal example of a leader-manager who kept his eye on the target till the desired outcome was achieved. i) Honor Thy Competitor The Mahabharata tells us that one should never humiliate his competitors. Competitors should be treated with dignity. The great Kurikshetra War itself could be avoided if the pride of Duryodhan had not been hurt. When Duryodhan came to the palace at Indraprastha of the Pandavas he was mesmerized by its beauty. He mistook the crystalline edifices to be water bodies and vice versa and every time he made such a mistake the Pandavas and Draupadi made no efforts to hide their amusement which hurt Duryodhan’s pride beyond repair which laid the seeds of war in his mind. ii) Business consideration above personal consideration Dhritarashtra was the patriarch of the Kauravas. He was extremely partial towards his eldest son Duryodhan. He was blind not only literally but also figuratively. He was blind to his son’s faults. He took all decisions in Duryodhan’s favour irrespective of whether it was morally right or wrong be it the decision of sending the Pandavas to 14 years in exile or planning to murder the brothers and their mother at Vanavrata. This led to disastrous consequences. A person who is the head of an organization must take his decisions with an eye to the general good overriding personal considerations. His extending favours to his close subordinates must not be at the cost of the corporate health. He must keep his eyes and ears open and be aware of the limitations and shortcomings of his chosen successors or heirs. iii) Adaptability The Pandav brothers were not only great Kshatriyas skilled in weaponry and the art of warfare but also well versed in other humbler skills such as cooking, tending the cows and horses, dancing, etc. It was their versatility and adaptability that enabled them to complete their exile in the forest for 12 years and also the 13th year in disguise in King Virat’s court without any glitches. Had these princes born into the royal household, used to the royal comforts of their princely heritage not been so adaptable and adjusting they would have found it difficult to bear the rigors of a forest life and the humiliating positions of attendants in the royal court. Similarly, a good manager should be conversant with all aspects of the organization he works for from the shopfloor to the boardroom. He should be ready to exchange his suit for the gloves. iv) Making wise choices An important lesson of management science is to choose wisely and utilize scarce resources optimally. During the curtain raiser before the Mahabharata War, Duryodhana chose Sri Krishnas large army for his help while Arjuna selected Sri Krishnas wisdom for his support. This episode gives us a clue as to the nature of the effective manager the former chose numbers, the latter, wisdom. v) Attitudes towards work Three stone-cutters were engaged in erecting a temple. An HRD Consultant asked them what they were doing. The response of the three workers to this innocent-looking question is illuminating. I am a poor man. I have to maintain my family. I am making a living here, said the first stone-cutter with a dejected face. Well, I work because I want to show that I am the best stone-cutter in the country, said the second one with a sense of pride. Oh, I want to build the most beautiful temple in the country, said the third one with a visionary gleam. Their jobs were identical but their perspectives were different. What the  Gita  tells us is to develop the visionary perspective in the work we do. It tells us to develop a sense of larger vision in our work for the common good. vi)Dedication towards work A popular verse of the  Gita  advises â€Å"detachment† from the fruits or results of actions performed in the course of ones duty. Being dedicated work has to mean â€Å"working for the sake of work, generating excellence for its own sake. † If we are always calculating the date of promotion or the rate of commission before putting in our efforts, then such work is not detached. Working only with an eye to the anticipated benefits, means that the quality of performance of the current job or duty suffers It is not â€Å"generating excellence for its own sake† but working only for the extrinsic reward that may (or may not) result. Some people might argue that not seeking the business result of work and actions makes one unaccountable. In fact, the  Bhagavad Gita  is full of advice on the theory of cause and effect, making the doer responsible for the consequences of his deeds. While advising detachment from the avarice of selfish gains in discharging ones accepted duty, the  Gita  does not absolve anybody of the consequences arising from discharge of his or her responsibilities. Thus the best means of effective performance management is the work itself. Attaining this state of mind (called â€Å"nishkama karma†) is the right attitude to work because it prevents the ego, the mind, from dissipation of attention through speculation on future gains or losses. ii)Self- actualization—The Ultimate Goal Today’s management principles say that satisfying lower order needs such as food, shelter and clothing ensures that an employee puts in his maximum effort and it keeps the employee motivated. However, that is not the case. It is a common experience that the dissatisfaction of the clerk and of t he Director is identical only their scales and composition vary. On the contrary, a lowly paid schoolteacher, or a self-employed artisan, may well demonstrate higher levels of self-actualization despite poorer satisfaction of their lower-order needs. This situation is explained by the theory of self-transcendence propounded in the  Gita. Self-transcendence involves renouncing egoism, putting others before oneself, emphasizing team work, dignity, co-operation, harmony and trust – and, indeed potentially sacrificing lower needs for higher goals, the opposite of Maslow. â€Å"Work must be done with detachment. † It is the ego that spoils work and the ego is the centerpiece of most theories of motivation. We need not merely a theory of motivation but a theory of inspiration. viii) Work culture An effective work culture is about vigorous and arduous efforts in pursuit of given or chosen tasks. Sri Krishna elaborates on two types of work culture – â€Å"daivi sampat† or divine work culture which includes fearlessness, purity, self-control and â€Å"asuri sampat† or demonic work culture which includes egoism, delusions, improper performance and work not oriented towards service. Mere work ethic is not enough. The hardened criminal exhibits an excellent work ethic. What is needed is a work ethic conditioned by ethics in work. It is in this light that the counsel, â€Å"yogah karmasu kausalam† should be understood. Kausalam† means skill or technique of work which is an indispensable component of a work ethic. â€Å"Yogah† is defined in the  Gita  itself as â€Å"samatvam yogah uchyate† meaning an unchanging equipoise of mind (detachment. ) Tilak tells us that acting with an equable mind is Yoga. The  Gita  further explains the theory of â€Å"detachment† from the extrinsic rewards of work in saying: If the result of sincere effort is a success, the entire credit should not be appropriated by the doer alone. If the result of sincere effort is a failure, then too the entire blame does not accrue to the doer. The former attitude mollifies arrogance and conceit while the latter prevents excessive despondency, de-motivation and self-pity. Thus both these dispositions safeguard the doer against psychological vulnerability, the cause of the modem managers companions of diabetes, high blood pressure and ulcers. Assimilation of the ideas of the  Gita  leads us to the wider spectrum of â€Å"lokasamgraha† (general welfare) but there is also another dimension to the work ethic if the â€Å"karmayoga† (service) is blended with â€Å"bhaktiyoga† (devotion), then the work itself becomes worship, a â€Å"sevayoga (service for its own sake. (This may sound a peculiarly religious idea but it has a wider application. It could be taken to mean doing something because it is worthwhile, to serve others, to make the world a better place ) ix)Manager must show superior judgement In the book, the  Mahabharata, we come across a king by the name of Yayati who, in order to revel in t he endless enjoyment of flesh exchanged his old age with the youth of his obliging youngest son for a thousand years. However, he found the pursuit of sensual enjoyments ultimately unsatisfying and came back to his son pleading him to take back his youth. This â€Å"yayati syndrome† shows the conflict between externally directed acquisitions (extrinsic motivation) and inner value and conscience (intrinsic motivation. ) In today’s world also a manager must not be swayed by external vagaries. He must have a sound mental health which is the very goal of any human activity more so management. Sound mental health is that state of mind which can maintain a calm, positive poise, or regain it when unsettled, in the midst of all the external vagaries of work life and social existence. Internal constancy and peace are the pre-requisites for a healthy tress-free mind. x) Manager must follow the ‘actions speak louder than words’ policy â€Å"Whatever the excellent and best ones do, the commoners follow,† says Sri Krishna in the  Gita. The visionary leader must be a missionary, extremely practical, intensively dynamic and capable of translating dreams into reality. This dynamism and strength of a true leader flows from an inspired and spontaneous motivation to help others. 3. conclusion Sri Krishnas advice with regard to temporary failures is, â€Å"No doer of good ever ends in misery. Every action should produce results. Good action produces good results and evil begets nothing but evil. Therefore, always act well and be rewarded. All clouds will vanish. Light will fill the heart and mind. I assure him of this. This is the message of Holy  Gita. This discussion doesnot suggest discarding of the Western model of efficiency, dynamism and striving for excellence but to tune these ideals to Indias holistic attitude of â€Å"lokasangraha† for the welfare of many, for the good of many. This is indeed a moral dimension to business life. What we do in business is no different, in this regard, to what we do in our personal lives. The means do not justify the ends. Pursuit of results for their own sake, is ultimately self-defeating. (â€Å"Profit,† said Matsushita-san in another tradition, â€Å"is the reward of correct behaviour. † – ed. ) REFERENCES 1. You Can Win- Shiv Khera 2. managementparadise. com 3. citehr. com XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX